KABUL: The Express Tribune has analyzed the factors contributing to the Taliban’s return to power in Afghanistan. After their defeat in 2001 and the presence of international forces, the Taliban were initially willing to surrender to Hamid Karzai’s government. However, the exclusion of Taliban leaders from the political process paved the way for their comeback in 2021. The report indicates that the United States and its allies missed a historic opportunity to contain the Taliban, only entering negotiations through the Doha Agreement in 2020. Key internal factors for the Taliban’s resurgence included widespread corruption, inefficiency of previous governments, political divisions, and a lack of public trust. The Taliban effectively exploited ethnic solidarity and traditional beliefs, promoting the slogan of “holy jihad” to expand their influence. Additionally, the lack of coordination, low morale, and corruption among security forces, along with misguided policies from the international community, facilitated this process. International observers emphasize that the rapid withdrawal of foreign troops and the power transition vacuum, coupled with informal regional support and financial resources, created a favorable environment for the Taliban’s return. The experience of Afghanistan illustrates that without political legitimacy, effective governance, and international coordination, even a substantial military presence cannot ensure lasting stability.
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